Home
>
Handbook
>
On The Road
>
Driving in Desert Conditions

Driving in Desert Conditions

Introduction

Desert driving is very different from driving in Europe, and it can surprise first-time international RV travellers in the United States. Distances are longer, services are farther apart, temperatures can be extreme, and mobile coverage may be limited. Many popular US road trips from cities like Los Angeles or Denver involve desert regions where planning mistakes can quickly become safety issues. Understanding how fuel, water, cooling systems, road rules, and campgrounds work in desert environments is essential. This guide focuses on practical, real-world advice to help international visitors drive campervans and RVs safely and confidently through US desert conditions, even if they already have campervan experience elsewhere.

What Counts as ‘Desert Driving’ in the USA?

In the United States, desert driving generally refers to travelling through arid regions with:

Very high daytime temperatures, especially from May to September
Long distances between towns, fuel stations, and campsites
Minimal roadside shade or services
Wide highways and long straight roads

Unlike Europe, where services are frequent, you may drive several hours without reliable access to fuel, water, or mechanical help. Conditions vary widely by state and region, even within the same trip.

Distances, Measurements, and Fuel Planning

Miles, Not Kilometres

US road distances are measured in miles. One mile equals approximately 1.6 kilometres. Speed limits are shown in miles per hour (mph), and desert highways may have higher limits than European roads, depending on the state.

Fuel Is Sold in Gallons

Fuel (petrol or diesel, commonly called “gas” or “diesel” in the US) is sold by the US gallon, not litres. One US gallon equals about 3.8 litres.

Do not assume you can “fill up later” in desert areas
Refuel earlier than you might in Europe, especially on long stretches between towns
Some fuel stations in remote areas may close at night or have limited hours

Water, Utilities, and Cooling Systems

Water management is critical in desert conditions. RVs and campervans carry fresh water tanks, which are separate from fuel systems.

Carry more drinking water than you think you need
Do not rely on finding potable (drinkable) water en route
Confirm how your specific RV’s water, power, and waste systems operate before departure

Understanding water, electricity, and waste systems is essential, particularly if you plan to stay outside developed campgrounds. For detailed explanations, see the utilities FAQ.

Air Conditioning and Engine Cooling

Most RV air conditioning units run on electricity, not fuel. They only operate when:

Connected to external electrical supply at a campsite (“shore power”, meaning a fixed mains connection)
Using a built-in generator, if the vehicle is equipped with one

Driving uphill or at higher speeds in extreme heat places additional strain on engines. Reduce speed if needed, monitor temperature gauges closely, and stop safely if warning lights or overheating indicators appear.

Campgrounds, Boondocking, and Overnight Stops

US Campground Types Explained

State parks: Government-run parks with marked campsites, usually basic but scenic; availability and facilities vary by state
Private RV parks: Commercial sites that may offer facilities such as showers, laundry, and Wi-Fi
Full hookups: A campsite with water, electricity, and sewer connections
Dump station: A designated place to empty toilet (black water) and wastewater (grey water) tanks

Boondocking in the Desert

“Boondocking” refers to camping without services, often on public land. Rules vary by state, land authority, and specific location.

No water, electricity, or toilets are provided
Extreme heat can make overnight stays uncomfortable or, in some conditions, unsafe
Always check local signage, permits, and restrictions before stopping

While boondocking can be less formal than many European systems, it carries greater responsibility for safety, waste handling, and environmental impact.

Road Rules, Driving Culture, and Safety

Traffic drives on the right, and overtaking is usually on the left
Seat belt requirements vary by state, but wearing seat belts at all times is strongly advised for all passengers
Passing on the right is permitted in some states under specific conditions
Desert highways often have wide shoulders, intended primarily for emergency stops

Because road rules and enforcement can differ by state, familiarise yourself with local regulations along your route.

Always carry:

Extra drinking water
Sun protection, including hats and sunscreen
A charged mobile phone and offline maps or navigation

Insurance, Breakdowns, and Recovery

Rental RV insurance and roadside assistance coverage varies by supplier and policy. While many rentals include some form of roadside assistance, response times in desert regions can be long due to distance, weather, and limited services.

Pull fully off the road if it is safe to do so
Stay with your vehicle unless authorities or emergency services advise otherwise
Conserve water and avoid unnecessary movement in extreme heat

Review your rental agreement carefully before departure so you understand exactly what assistance is included.

Before You Drive: Desert Checklist

Fuel tank sufficiently topped up for the next long stretch
Fresh water filled according to expected conditions
Weather forecast checked for heat, storms, or road closures
Campground or permitted overnight stop confirmed where possible
Paper map available as a backup

Plan Ahead

Desert driving can be an unforgettable part of a US RV trip when approached with preparation and respect for local conditions and regulations. Once your route is planned, you can check campervan and RV availability for your travel dates on USARVRentals.com.